Hazard functions and life distributions in discrete time

The problem of studying lifelength distributions in discrete time is considered for certain forms of hazard functions. A class of life distributions that consists of the geometric, the Waring and the negative hypergeometric distributions is shown to result when the hazard function is inversely proportional to some linear function of time.     

旅游综合服务的营销现状分析——以长春地区为例

论述吉林省省会长春的旅游业情况，借此指出阻碍整个旅游行业运营的原因及未来发展的需求与机会，最终形成一项长期可持续发展的战略规划，以利于实现长春旅游业发展的目标，即通过为游客提供多方面的高附加价值的功能来培育地区的旅游产业，使其成为一个持续、核心的产业。     

婚姻状态对老年人死亡概率的影响研究--基于CLHLS队列数据的实证分析

文章基于 CLHLS 队列数据，运用统计分析及经验论证，解析出婚姻状态影响老年人死亡概率的作用机理，即在婚状态以其“保护效应”减小老年人患病的机率，进而减小其死亡概率；相反，不在婚状态的“损害效应”会增加老年人患病的机率，进而增加其死亡的概率。在所得结论基础上，为促进老年健康和应对养老挑战，针对老年人婚姻问题提出了相关政策建议。     

Till Death Do Us Part: Marital Status and U.S. Mortality Trends, 1986 – 2000

Although the association of being married and a lower mortality rate has been well established, most previous research on marital status and mortality did not consider potential change in this relationship over time. In this study, I adopted a survey cohort perspective to examine both overall and cause‐specific mortality trends by marital status from 1986 to 2000 in the United States. On the basis of data from the National Health Interview Survey‐Longitudinal Mortality Follow‐up (N = 517,314), I found that mortality generally decreased or remained stable for the married from the 1986 to 2000 NHIS cohort, except for diabetes deaths. There is evidence showing divergent mortality trends between the married and unmarried, especially the widowed. Race and gender variations are examined.     

我国农村女性地位的嬗变及其社会心理——性别平等视野下的分析

正是由于人类社会男人与女人两大主体的相辅而行，才有了人类社会的文明进步，但女性在参与社会多种活动中遇到的阻力远远超过男性。影响农村女性地位提高的不仅是经济因素，还有社会心理因素，即文化素质偏低、心理素质较差、政治素质偏低、身体素质欠佳及各种偏见和阻力的存在。国家应从实行倾斜性保护政策、为农村女性创造参与社会的条件和机会、提高农村女性的心理素质等方面，积极营造良好的社会心理氛围，以提高我国农村女性的地位。     

Using power transformations when approximating quantiles

Estimators are obtained tor quantiles of survival distributions. This is accomplished by approximating Lritr distribution of the transtorrneri data, where the transformation used is that of Box and Cox (1964). The normal approximation as in Box and Cox and, in addition, the extreme value approximation are considered. More generally, to use the methods given, the approximating distribution must come from a location-scale family. For some commonly used survival random variables T the performance of the above approximations are evaluated in terms of the ratio of the true quantiles of T to the estimated one, in the long run. This performance is also evaluated for lower quantiles using simulated lognormai, Weibull and gamma data. Several examples are given to illustrate the methodology herein, including one with actual data.     

Socioeconomic Status,Family Processes,and Individual Development

Research during the past decade shows that social class or socioeconomic status (SES) is related to satisfaction and stability in romantic unions, the quality of parent‐child relationships, and a range of developmental outcomes for adults and children. This review focuses on evidence regarding potential mechanisms proposed to account for these associations. Research findings reported during the past decade demonstrate support for an interactionist model of the relationship between SES and family life, which incorporates assumptions from both the social causation and social selection perspectives. This review concludes with recommendations for future research on SES, family processes, and individual development in terms of important theoretical and methodological issues yet to be addressed.     

日据时期海南岛上的日语教育研究

日军侵占海南岛后,在短时间内建立起了从幼儿园、小学、中学到农业学校、师范学校的比较完整的日语教育体系。由于起步晚,持续时间短等原因,海南日语教育尚未达到规范化程度,各校间的教育情况差别较大,具有较强的随意性。然而无论在哪一级学校,日语教育都处于绝对核心地位。日语教育的目的在于摧毁岛民的反抗力,抹杀岛民的民族性,为永久占领海南岛奠定文化基础。     

Understanding Normative Growth and Development in Aging

No abstract available for this article.     

山寨制造的正名及调控

山寨制造和山寨文化的泛化，使中国信用建设遭遇了前所未有的挑战。规制山寨，一方面是重构社会信用体系，另一方面是建立中国标准，掀起世界产业革命，提高中国在国际标准和国际规则方面的话语权和决定权。我们必须进一步厘清山寨文化的各种表现、真实本质和国际比较，做好山塞制造的规范和调控，从而实现中国信用建设的科学发展。